
Amahugurwa yubaka ibyuma hamwe nikiraro cya crane nigisubizo cyubaka inganda zigezweho zihuza imbaraga, igihe kirekire, hamwe nubworoherane bwubwubatsi bwibyuma hamwe nubushobozi buhanitse bwa sisitemu yo hejuru ya crane. Ihuriro rikoreshwa cyane mu nganda nko gukora, metallurgie, logistique, amamodoka, kubaka ubwato, no gukora ibikoresho biremereye, aho gukoresha ibikoresho binini bisabwa buri munsi.
Amahugurwa yimiterere yicyuma azwiho umuvuduko wubwubatsi bwihuse, imbaraga nyinshi-zingana, hamwe no guhuza neza nuburyo butandukanye. Gukoresha ibyuma byabugenewe byabugenewe bituma habaho gukora neza, gutwara byoroshye, no guterana byihuse kurubuga, kugabanya igihe cyumushinga ugereranije nuburyo busanzwe bwa beto.
Kwinjiza ikiraro cya kiraro mumahugurwa yubaka ibyuma bisaba igishushanyo mbonera cyubwubatsi kugirango inyubako ishobora kwihanganira imitwaro ihagaze kandi ifite imbaraga. Ibintu nkubushobozi bwa kane, uburebure, uburebure bwo guterura, hamwe nintera yinkingi bigomba gusuzumwa mugihe cyateguwe. Muguhuza igishushanyo mbonera cyamahugurwa kubisobanuro bya crane, ubucuruzi burashobora kugera kubikorwa bikora neza kandi bidahenze byujuje ibyifuzo bikenewe kandi bigatanga kwaguka ejo hazaza.
Muri make, ibyuma byubaka ibyuma hamwe na kiraro crane byerekana ishoramari ryubwenge bwinganda zigezweho, ritanga imbaraga, ibintu byinshi, hamwe nubushobozi muri pake imwe, yakozwe neza.
Amahugurwa yububiko bwicyuma hamwe nikiraro cyubatswe kuri sisitemu ikomeye yo gushiraho ibyuma, aho abanyamuryango bakorera hamwe kugirango bakore ikibanza gikomeye, gihamye, kandi gikora gishobora gufasha ibikorwa byo guterura ibiremereye. Ikariso yicyuma mubisanzwe igizwe nubwoko butanu bwingenzi bwabanyamuryango - abanyamuryango ba tension, abanyamuryango ba compression, abunamye, abanyamuryango bahujwe, hamwe n’ibihuza byabo. Buri kintu kigira uruhare runini mugutwara imizigo no kwemeza umutekano muri rusange.
Ibice byibyuma bikorerwa hanze hanyuma bikajyanwa ahazubakwa guterana. Igikorwa cyo kwubaka kirimo guterura, guhagarara, no kurinda ibice. Guhuza kwinshi kugerwaho binyuze mumbaraga-zohejuru, mugihe mubihe bimwe na bimwe kurubuga-gusudira bikoreshwa muburyo bwimbaraga no gukomera.
Uburyo busanzwe bwo kwishyiriraho
• Gutegura Urufatiro & Anchor Bolt Kugenzura - Kureba ko ibyuma byose byahagaritswe kandi bihujwe neza.
• Gupakurura & Kugenzura Ibigize ibyuma - Kugenzura ibyangiritse cyangwa gutandukana mbere yo guterana.
• Gushiraho Inkingi - Gukoresha mobile cyangwa hejuru ya crane kugirango uzamure inkingi ahantu, gukomera byigihe gito.
• Gutezimbere - insinga zumusore wigihe gito ninsinga zirahagaritswe kugirango uhagarike inkingi kandi uhindure guhuza vertical.
• Kurinda Inkingi Zibanze - Bolt hamwe nisahani yibanze irakomera kandi irasudwa aho bikenewe.
• Kwinjiza Inkingi zikurikiranye - Gushyira inkingi zisigaye muburyo bwumvikana.
• Gushiraho Gushiraho - Ongeramo ibyuma bifata ibyuma kugirango ube sisitemu ya mbere ihamye.
• Inteko yo hejuru yinzu - Kubanziriza guteranya imitwe hejuru yinzu hejuru no kuyizamura hamwe na crane.
• Kwishyiriraho ibice - Gushiraho igisenge hamwe ninkingi ya sisitemu kugirango ubungabunge uburinganire n'umutekano.
Igenzura rya nyuma ryubugenzuzi & Kwakirwa - Kureba ko ibintu byose byujuje ibyangombwa bisabwa n'umutekano.
Iyo ihujwe na sisitemu ya crane ya sisitemu, imiterere yicyuma igomba kuba yarateguwe kugirango ikemure imitwaro yinyongera iterwa nibikorwa byo guterura. Ibi bivuze inkingi, imirishyo, hamwe nu mukandara wa runway ushimangirwa kugirango ushyigikire imitwaro ihagaze kandi yimuka ivuye muri kane. Iyo bimaze gushyirwaho, ikiraro cyikiraro cyemerera kugenda neza ibikoresho biremereye mumahugurwa yose, kuzamura umusaruro, umutekano, no gukoresha umwanya.
Igiciro cyo kubaka ibyuma byubaka ibyuma hamwe na crane ikiraro biterwa nibintu byinshi bifitanye isano. Gusobanukirwa n'ibihinduka bituma abafite imishinga bafata ibyemezo byuzuye, bagahindura ingengo yimari, kandi bakemeza ko imiterere yanyuma yujuje ibisabwa mubikorwa ndetse nubukungu.
♦ Kubaka uburebure:Buri cm 10 yinyongera muburebure bwinyubako irashobora kongera igiciro cyose hafi 2% kugeza 3%. Ku mahugurwa afite ikiraro cya kiraro, hashobora gusabwa uburebure bwiyongera kugirango uburebure bwa crane buterure, ibiti byo kumuhanda, hamwe no gukuraho ibyuma, ibyo bikagira ingaruka cyane kumikoreshereze yicyuma ningengo yimari rusange.
♦Umuyoboro wa Crane n'ibisobanuro:Guhitamo ubushobozi bwa crane neza nibitekerezo byingenzi. Crane irenze urugero iganisha kubikoresho bidakenewe hamwe nogukoresha imbaraga zo kubaka, mugihe crane idafite umurongo idashobora guhaza ibikenewe mubikorwa.
♦Agace k'inyubako n'ibipimo:Ahantu hanini harasaba ibyuma byinshi kandi byongera ibihimbano, ubwikorezi, nigiciro cyo kubaka. Ubugari, uburebure, hamwe nintera yinkingi bifitanye isano rya bugufi nimiterere y amahugurwa kandi bigira ingaruka kumikoreshereze yicyuma.
♦Umwanya n'Inkingi Umwanya:Mubisanzwe, umwanya munini urashobora kugabanya umubare winkingi, kunoza imikorere yimbere. Ariko, umwanya muremure bisaba ibiti bikomeye, bishobora kongera ibiciro byo guhimba. Mu mahugurwa ya Bridge crane, guhitamo span bigomba no gutekereza inzira yingendo za crane no kugabura imitwaro.
♦Gukoresha ibyuma:Ibyuma nigiciro nyamukuru umushoferi muriyi mishinga. Ubwinshi nubwoko bwibyuma bigira ingaruka kuri bije. Ibipimo byinyubako, ibisabwa byumutwaro, hamwe nuburyo bugoye byerekana umubare wibyuma bikenewe.
♦Igishushanyo mbonera:Ubwiza bwibishushanyo mbonera byerekana neza imikoreshereze yibikoresho no gukoresha neza. Igishushanyo mbonera cyiza gitekereza kubikorwa byububiko, ubunini bwa beam, hamwe ninkingi ya grid imiterere kugirango uhuze imikorere na bije. Ku mahugurwa ya kiraro ya crane, igishushanyo cyihariye gituma imikorere ya crane ikora neza idakabije.